Роботы наступают - Страница 123

123

259

Andrew Harris, «Chicago Cabbies Sue Over Unregulated Uber, Lyft Services», Bloomberg News, February 6, 2014, .

260

Статистические данные о потребительских расходах см.: Nelson D. Schwartz, «The Middle Class Is Steadily Eroding. Just Ask the Business World», New York Times, February 2, 2014, .

261

Rob Cox and Eliza Rosenbaum, «The Beneficiaries of the Downturn», New York Times, December 28, 2008, . О знаменитых «письмах о плутократии» также рассказывается в документальном фильме Майкла Мура 2009 г. «Капитализм: история любви» (Capitalism: A Love Story).

262

Barry Z. Cynamon and Steven M. Fazzari, «Inequality, the Great Recession, and Slow Recovery», January 23, 2014, .

263

Barry Z. Cynamon and Steven M. Fazzari, «Inequality, the Great Recession, and Slow Recovery», January 23, 2014, .

264

Barry Z. Cynamon and Steven M. Fazzari, «Inequality, the Great Recession, and Slow Recovery», January 23, 2014, , с. 18.

265

Mariacristina De Nardi, Eric French, and David Benson, «Consumption and the Great Recession», National Bureau of Economic Research, NBER Working Paper No. 17688, issued in December 2011, .

266

Cynamon and Fazzari, «Inequality, the Great Recession, and Slow Recovery», p. 29.

267

Derek Thompson, «ESPN President: Wage Stagnation, Not Technology, Is the Biggest Threat to the TV Business», The Atlantic, August 22, 2013, .

268

Jessica Hopper, «Waiting for Midnight, Hungry Families on Food Stamps Give Walmart 'Enormous Spike'», NBC News, November 28, 2011, .

269

Источник данных: База данных по экономической статистике Федеральной резервной системы (Federal Reserve Economic Data, FRED), Федеральный резервный банк Сент-Луиса: прибыль корпораций после уплаты налогов (без IVA и CCAdj) с учетом сезонных колебаний [CP] и розничные продажи: всего (кроме продуктов питания) [RSXFS]; ; ; по состоянию на 29.04.2014.

270

Joseph E. Stiglitz, «Inequality Is Holding Back the Recovery», New York Times, January 19, 2013, .

271

Вашингтонский центр равного роста (Washington Center for Equitable Growth), интервью с Робертом Солоу, 14.01.2014, см. видеоролик: .

272

Paul Krugman, «Inequality and Recovery», New York Times (The Conscience of a Liberal blog), January 20, 2013, .

273

См., например: Krugman's «Cogan, Taylor, and the Confidence Fairy», New York Times (The Conscience of a Liberal blog), March 19, 2013, .

274

Paul Krugman, «How Did Economists Get It So Wrong?», New York Times Magazine, September 2, 2009, .

275

John Maynard Keynes, The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money (London: Macmillan, 1936), ch. 21; книга доступна в Интернете по адресу: .

276

См. подробнее о производительности в США в пресс-релизе Бюро трудовой статистик США от 06.03.2014: .

277

Lawrence Mishel, «Declining Value of the Federal Minimum Wage Is a Major Factor Driving Inequality», Economic Policy Institute, February 21, 2013, .

278

Eric Schlosser, Fast Food Nation: The Dark Side of the All-American Meal (New York: Harper, 2004), p. 66.

279

Emmanuel Saez, «Striking It Richer: The Evolution of Top Incomes in the United States», University of California, Berkeley, September 3, 2013, .

280

Andrew G. Berg and Jonathan D. Ostry, «Inequality and Unsustainable Growth: Two Sides of the Same Coin?», International Monetary Fund, April 8, 2011, .

281

Andrew G. Berg and Jonathan D. Ostry, «Warning! Inequality May Be Hazardous to Your Growth», iMFdirect, April 8, 2011, .

282

Ellen Florian Kratz, «The Risk in Subprime», CNN Money, March 1, 2007, .

283

Senior Supervisors Group, «Progress Report on Counterparty Data», January 15, 2014, .

284

Noah Smith, «Drones Will Cause an Upheaval of Society Like We Haven't Seen in 700 Years», Quartz, March 11, 2014, .

285

Barry Bluestone and Mark Melnik, «After the Recovery: Help Needed», Civic Ventures, 2010, .

286

Andy Sharp and Masaaki Iwamoto, «Japan Real Wages Fall to Global Recession Low in Abe [Japanese Prime Minister] Risk», Bloomberg Businessweek, February 5, 2014, 5/japan-real-wages-fall-to-global-recession-low-in-spending-risk.

287

См. подробнее о безработице среди молодых: Ian Sivera, «Italy's Youth Unemployment at 42 % as Jobless Rate Hits 37-Year High». International Business Times, January 8, 2014, ; а также: Ian Sivera, «Spain's Youth Unemployment Rate Hits 57.7 % as Europe Faces a 'Lost Generation'», International Business Times, January 8, 2014, .

288

James M. Poterba, «Retirement Security in an Aging Society», National Bureau of Economic Research, NBER Working Paper No. 19930, issued in February 2014, , а также . См. таблицу 9 на с. 21.

289

Там же., на основе таблицы 15 на с. 39; см. ряд под заголовком «Joint & Survivor, Male 65 and Female 60, 100 % Survivor Income-Life Annuity». В рамках альтернативного плана с 3 %-ным ежегодным повышением суммы такое домохозяйство получало бы всего лишь $3700 (или около $300 в месяц).

290

Carl Benedikt Frey and Michael A. Osborne, «The Future of Employment: How Susceptible Are Jobs to Computerisation?», Oxford Martin School, Programme on the Impacts of Future Technology, September 17, 2013, p. 38, .

291

Данные по демографической ситуации в Китае см.: Deirdre Wang Morris, «China's Aging Population Threatens Its Manufacturing Might», CNBC, October 24, 2012, и «World Population Ageing 2013», United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, p. 32, .

292

Подробнее о норме сбережений в Китае (которая, как уже было сказано, превышает 40 %) см.: Keith B. Richburg, «Getting Chinese to Stop Saving and Start Spending Is a Hard Sell», Washington Post, July 5, 2012, , и «China's Savings Rate World's Highest», China People's Daily, November 30, 2012, .

293

Mike Riddell, «China's Investment/GDP Ratio Soars to a Totally Unsustainable 54.4 %. Be Afraid», Bond Vigilantes, January 14, 2014, .

294

Dexter Robert, «Expect China Deposit Rate Liberalization Within Two Years, Says Central Bank Head», Bloomberg Businessweek, March 11, 2014, .

295

Shang-Jin Wei and Xiaobo Zhang, «Sex Ratios and Savings Rates: Evidence from 'Excess Men' in China», February 16, 2009, .

296

Caroline Baum, «So Who's Stealing China's Manufacturing Jobs?», Bloomberg News, October 14, 2003, .

297

Подробнее о связи инвестиций и бизнес-циклов см.: Paul Krugman, «Shocking Barro», New York Times (The Conscience of a Liberal blog), September 12, 2011, .

298

Stephen Hawking, Stuart Russell, Max Tegmark, and Frank Wilczek, «Stephen Hawking: 'Transcendence Looks at the Implications of Artificial Intelligence — But Are We Taking AI Seriously Enough? '», The Independent, May 1, 2014, .

299

Баррат Д. Последнее изобретение человечества. — М.: Альпина нон-фикшн, 2015.

300

Yann LeCun, Google+ Post, October 28, 2013, .

301

Gary Marcus, «Hyping Artificial Intelligence, Yet Again», New Yorker (Elements blog), January 1, 2014, .

302

Vernor Vinge, «The Coming Technological Singularity: How to Survive in the Post-Human Era», NASA VISION-21 Symposium, March 30–31, 1993.

303

Vernor Vinge, «The Coming Technological Singularity: How to Survive in the Post-Human Era», NASA VISION-21 Symposium, March 30–31, 1993.

123